Electricity
We can easily say that electricity is
produced when any matter carrying electric charge moves. An electric field is
produced when either positive or negative electric charge is present. In the
beginning, scientists considered that there is no relation between electricity
and magnetism, but after that they discovered that the electric current which
is generated by the movement of electric charges produces a magnetic field. In
this article, we will know more about electricity which is on of the most
important physical phenomena used in everyday life.
Important concepts related to electricity
§ Electric charge
Electric charge which is carried by
either electron or proton can be measured by the gold-leaf electroscope. It's
measured in coulombs and takes the symbol Q. this electric charge may be
positive as in the case of proton or negative as in the case of electron. These
electric charges exert a force on each other. So, these charges repel if they
are similar to each other and attract if they are in two opposite forms.
§ Electric current
It's measured in Amperes and takes the
symbol I. it's produced by the movement of electric charge. These electric
charges are electrons in most cases. Electric current is conventionally
considered to move from the positive part to the negative part through the
electrical conductors. Electric current is classified into direct current (DC)
and alternating current (AC). Direct current is used in electronic devices
mostly and can be produced by a battery. Alternating current is used in our
homes which reverses direction repeatedly and has a time-averaged value of
zero.
§ Electric field
The electric field was introduced by
Michael Faraday. An electric field is created by one body having a charge in
the space that surrounds this charged body. The resulting force will affect any
charge exist within the produced electric field.
§ Electric potential
It's defined as the energy required to
move a unit charge from an infinite distance to any specific point within an
electric field. Electric potential is measured in volts and takes the symbol V.
the electric potential difference is defined as the energy required to move a
unit charge between two points.
§ Electrochemistry
It's considered as an important branch
of electricity. It's the production of electricity by using chemical reactions,
and also the usage of electricity to drive chemical reactions. it's used widely
in too much applications.
Electricity production
The most famous method which used to
generate electrical power is the use of electro-mechanical generators which are
driven by steam. It can also be generated by extracting the kinetic energy from
the flowing water or from the wind. Today, most of the electricity is produced
by the modern steam turbine which was invented in 1884.
Electricity Applications
ü One of the most important applications of electricity is the light bulb
which invented in 1870 and led to lighting.
ü Electricity is used in heating applications such as heat pumps and
cooling applications such as air conditioning.
ü Electricity was used in telecommunication applications such as
electrical telegraph.
ü Electricity is used in public transportation for the production of
electric motor.
ü Electricity is used widely in electronic devices for the production of
transistors.
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