GIS Geographic
Information Systems
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
are the systems which designed for analyzing and storing geographic data. Their
applications enable users to analyze geographic information in addition to editing
maps data so they can get the results of their researches. GIS can be defined
as the collection of methods or technologies which are used for underlying
geographic concepts. In this article we will discuss GIS to know more about it
and its applications in everyday life.
Development of GIS
In 1968, Roger Tomlinson was the first
person who used Geographic information system in his paper which is called
"GIS Regional planning" so, he was known as the father of GIS. GIS
was used at the first time for finding the source of Cholera which outbreak in
London by John Snow in 1854. The rapid development of GIS started by the end of
20th century as the users started to use various systems of GIS over
the internet for transferring and analyzing data. Nowadays Geographic
information system is used widely in mapping applications and spatial data
which are available all over the world.
GIS Applications
GIS provide the ability of updating geographical
data of any field automatically with the need of updating this data manually so
it manages both time and effort. A powerful decision support system can be
created by the integration of GIS and other enterprise solutions such as SAP. GIS has a wide range of application in many
fields such as science, industry and business. These applications can be
regional planning, crime mapping, public health, natural resources…. etc. the
most important applications of GIS will be discussed as follows:
ü Web Mapping: Mapping data can be provided by
using GIS applications such as google maps and Bing maps which are used for
mapping solutions. These applications present the data in a mapping format
which was previously stored by GIS.
ü Urban Planning: It's used for the development of
urban by analyzing the urban growth for finding the suitable sites of this
growth and also mentioning the factors needed for urban growth.
ü Agricultural Applications: More effective farming programs can
be created by using GIS which used for analyzing soil data, determining
planting mechanism and protecting the environment.
ü Natural Resources Management: GIS can be used to manage many
resources such as food, water, crop yield and agricultural land. The analysis
of water resources distribution can be made by using GIS in addition to the
usage of GIS in afforestation.
ü Surveying: GIS can be used for preparing digital
maps of different areas in addition to measuring the location of objects. As a
surveying tool, GIS is used to measure the distance between points which are
located on earth's surfaces.
ü Energy Use Planning: GIS can be used as a technique for
providing improved services as a real step of saving energy all over the world.
ü Business: GIS is used widely in business for
providing customers' information and enhancing company's activity.
ü Industry Needs: GIS
is used for many purposes in dairy industry such as production rate, selling
rate and shops' location.
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